A demand side management in households is also an important application area of IoT, (Rahimi et al., 2020). Homes are typically equipped with different appliances that are becoming more advanced, creating the possibility for an efficient operation with the regulation of IoT, (Tawalbeh et al., 2019). The efficient and smart forecasting of electricity demands for households could also be effectively supported by IoT technologies, (Nils et al., 2020). An expected higher penetration of renewables in households through hybrid energy systems as an example (Gagliano et al., 2019), would also require a smart operation strategy that could be utilized by IoT through integrated smart nano-grids, (Kalair et al., 2020). A growth of IoT products and technologies in smart power management is expected to enable accurate forecasting and different load strategies in the case of renewable generation, (Pawar et al., 2020). The elaborated main issues and challenges above just reflect the importance of IoT devices in smart grids and power management.

The focus of IoT applications could also be used on a level of single or multiple devices or appliances. The scheduling and optimal power management of the transformers was analysed and discussed in (Sarajčev et al., 2020). The Bayesian approach was applied to detect an optimal controlling strategy to ensure benefits for power utility companies.

This connectivity is ideal when it comes to monitoring utilities such as water, gas and electricity using smart meters and for farming and agriculture to check on water quality, sensing soil moisture and tracking livestock. One of the most significant benefits of IoT is its ability to automate routine tasks, reducing the need for human intervention and allowing for more efficient use of resources. In smart homes, devices automatically adjust settings based on your preferences, saving time and energy. In industrial settings, machines can monitor their own performance and alert operators to potential issues, preventing unnecessary downtime. Sometimes, these devices communicate with related devices and act on the information they get from one another.

How can IoT be secured?

Different sensing devices would receive information, which would be processed towards efficient and useful solutions. The main benefit of IoT technologies in smart cities would be directed to the early detection of different problems or infrastructural faults (such as issues with traffic jams, energy supply, water shortage, security incidents, etc.). In smart cities, many sensors are installed and linked with many other devices over the internet which gives information to the users as for instance parking spaces, any malfunctions, electrical failure and many other issues. Developing these technologies would help in leading the cities towards smart grids, smart healthcare, smart warehouses, smart transportation, smart waste management, smart communities, etc. One challenging implementation field of IoT technologies has been detected in the healthcare system in general, through the e-health concept, (Farahani et al., 2020).

Privacy and Security

The proposed and demonstrated model can predict the transformer health index with an accuracy of about 90%. The solution could be applied on the fleet of the power transformers where with the application of IoT technologies, further savings could be ensured for the specific application. The work (Mukta et al., 2020) discussed and reviewed the possible application of IoT technologies for the energy efficiency improvement of highway lighting systems. The results of the conducted review revealed that the development of smart and IoT supported highway lighting systems lack a systematic approach, quality and comprehensiveness. Possible framework was proposed to bridge the mentioned gap and secure an efficient pathway for the improvement of energy efficiency in IoT based lighting smart and green highway systems.

What Is IoT Powerpoint pptx presentation

In fact, it is estimated that 50% of the population in Europe will be over 60 years old in 2040, while in the USA it is estimated that one in every six citizens will be over 65 years old in 2020 (Corchado et al., 2008). In addition, in 75-year-olds, the risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and frailty increases and people over 85 years of age usually require continuous monitoring. This suggests that taking care of elderly people is a challenging and very important issue.

• Thanks to building automation and IoT not only individual buildings but also entire neighborhoods can be controlled remotely from an energy point of view and in terms of the security.
• The smart city concept is the most progressing IoT application area since cities have been vastly populated, which causes severe infrastructural issues.
• The work (Suciu et al., 2019) proposes an IoT and Cloud-based energy monitoring and simulation platform to help companies monitor energy production and consumption, forecast the energy production potential and simulate the economic efficiency for multiple investment scenarios.
• Different impacts to the environment were monitored during the construction project such as dust falling control, temperature monitoring, visual monitoring etc.
• A circular economy concept has also been intensively worked on where various concepts have been investigated, which can support smart waste management and help bridge one of the main challenges in society.

The issue of security and traceability of goods is increasingly important in the logistics sector, with repercussions in terms of supply chain management and goods transport. In this case, information technologies and in particular the IoT can offer valuable support, increasing the degree of visibility and control over the entire supply chain. In this context, it is clear how IoT technologies can contribute to the remote monitoring of flows and assets, providing a series of information useful for their management and optimization. This is possible through identification (e.g., via RFID or barcode), location (e.g., via GPS), monitoring of parameters and status variables of the assets (e.g., via sensors) and their transmission (e.g., via Wi-Fi or GSM/GPRS network).

This sensor data can be analyzed to detect patterns and identify potential health issues before they become more serious. IoT devices can also be used to track medical equipment, manage inventory and monitor medication compliance. The potential applications of IoT are vast and varied, and its impact is already being felt across a wide range of industries, including manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and agriculture. As the number of internet-connected devices continues to grow, IoT is likely to play an increasingly important role in shaping our world. Also known as IIoT, industrial IoT devices acquire and analyze data from connected equipment, operational technology (OT), locations, and people. To reduce even more consumption regarding all components, it is suggested to use an external timer component that will completely cut-off power for predefined periods.

Medical and healthcare

In the electrocardiogram example, the software would look for signs of arrhythmia, an indicator of an underlying health issue. The number of IoT devices is also expected to grow over time, driven by their adoption and new uses in different industries. Connectivity technologies such as 5G, Wi-Fi 6, low-power WANs and satellites are also enhancing IoT adoption, while wearable devices such as smartwatches, earbuds and augmented reality/virtual reality headsets are increasingly evolving and growing in adoption. IoT connects billions of devices to the internet and involves the use of billions of data points, all of which must be secured.

• With IoT devices, you can control your home environment, monitor your health, and manage your appliances—all from your smartphone or voice assistant.
• The issue of security and traceability of goods is increasingly important in the logistics sector, with repercussions in terms of supply chain management and goods transport.
• The results of the conducted directed study could lead to the improvement of energy efficiency at workplaces with IoT utilization in different aspects.

This kind of MCU is studied for Ultra Low Power IoT applications and is provided with an effective development Arduino-compatible modular kit, called NUCLEO, allowing for easy interconnection with connectivity (BLE, Wi-Fi, Lo-Ra, etc) modules for IoT. The PIC18 microcontroller family provides PICmicro® devices in 18-to 80-pin packages, that are both socket and software upwardly compatible to the PIC16 family. The PIC18 family includes all the popular peripherals, such as MSSP, ESCI, CCP, flexible 8- and 16-bit timers, PSP, 10-bit ADC, WDT, POR and CAN 2.0B Active for a maximum flexible solution. Most PIC18 devices will provide a FLASH program memory in sizes from 8 to 128 Kbytes and data RAM from 256 to 4 Kbytes; operating from 2.0 to 5.5 V, at speeds of DC to 40 MHz. Optimized for high-level languages like ANSI C, the PIC18 family offers a highly flexible solution for complex embedded applications. The MSP430G2x13 and MSP430G2x53 series are ultra-low-power microcontrollers with built-in 16-bit timers, up to 24 I/O capacitive-touch enabled pins, a versatile analog comparator, and built-in communication capability using a universal serial communication interface.

In the study (Irizar-Arrieta et al., 2020), long-term field investigation was presented with the main goal being to investigate how IoT technologies could help ensure the sustainable behaviour of users in office building facilities. The results of the conducted directed study could lead to the improvement of energy efficiency at workplaces with IoT utilization in different aspects. The impact of IoT technologies on a sustainable perspective and society was addressed in (Mahmood et al., 2020). The study was focused on addressing the impacts of home systems on the environment and sustainability in general.

The TPL5110 is a low power timer where an alarm clock is regulated with resistors, allowing for the duration of sleep mode to be up to 2 h (TPL5110, 2020). Within the sleep period, the TPL5110 simply cuts-off power from other components leaving overall consumption to be equal to the consumption of the timer only. The drawback of such a solution is that the MCU is no longer in deep-sleep but is instead powered off, which means that possible variables that were held in volatile memory during deep-sleep will not be available to the MCU when it wakes up. For this reason, it is suggested to use EEPROM or flash memory to write the variables before cutting off power from the MCU. A Tega328P may use built-in EEPROM, while STM32 or SAMD21 can use flash memory or RTC backup RAM (Flash storage, 2020). For ATmega328P, by default it may take up to 2 s for the bootloader to start (Tutorial – Low-power nodes, 2020).

To increase sleep time for ATmega328P, an external RTC clock could be employed, such as a cheap and precise RS3231 RTC clock, with ±2 ppm stability and 1uA of consumption (Datasheet – RTC3231, 2020). Other MCUs, such as STM32 or SAMD21, already come with built-in RTC clocks that can be used to trigger an alarm for waking up from deep sleep (Libraries – Arduino low-power, 2020), (STM32, 2020). All these components (MCU, sensor, RTC clock, radio peripheral, voltage regulators, capacitors, etc.), although in low-power mode, combined may consume tens to even couple of hundred of uA while being placed in deep-sleep. Moreover, it may happen that some boards equipped with components that adopt low-power modes have a hardware problem that prevent them from achieving low deep-sleep currents, such as found in MKRWAN1300 (Arduino LoRa with SAMD21) and (MKRWAN1300, 2020). The lowest Wi-Fi speed is noticeable in the Latin America and Middle East&Africa regions, which are an indication of potential problems for the efficient implementation of IoT products or novel more advanced upcoming technologies.

The sustainable and IoT supported business model was discussed in (Gao and Li, 2020) for the case of the bike-sharing services. Novel framework was developed that links sustainable indicators as well as social aspects of the business concept. The case studies for dockless bike-sharing services were discussed and presented for China and UK. Practical findings extended knowledge needed for improvement of the sharing economy to achieve sustainably goals through IoT enabled support. The work (Zhang et al., 2016) proposes an inventory management system for a warehousing company.

2.4. IoT in waste management

The harvesting of waste energy could also be considered with the implementation of IoT devices. The possibility for waste energy harvesting supported by IoT was addressed and discussed in (Kausmally et al., 2020) for the case of an industrial chimney. The complete design procedure was reported, i.e. the conceptual approach for the waste heat recovery where the prototype was successfully developed and demonstrated. A renewable energy storage system was analysed in (Sathishkumar and Karthikeyan, 2020), where a power management strategy was supported by IoT. The optimal design of a hybrid energy system coupled with energy storage was discussed based on solar and wind renewable energy resources. Besides the obvious potential impact of IoT technologies to the environment, IoT products could on the other side be used for environmental protection.

The system was successfully validated via the provided case study where the main strength of the conducted research was the personalized approach for the specific household. A step further could be to network and balance other households in the specific building facility. The importance of the BIM (Building Information Modelling) systems was discussed and analysed in the review paper (Pantelia et al., 2020).

Applications of IoT

These attacks can be more than mere inconveniences, as they can disrupt day-to-day life and even endanger public safety. The first global media brand of its kind, IoT Now explores the evolving opportunities and challenges facing Enterprises in the adoption and deployment of IoT, and we pass on some lessons learned from those who have taken the first steps in next https://traderoom.info/python-coding-in-iot-data-science-projects/ gen IoT services. Market commentators are leaving enterprises in no doubt that they must transform and invest in the IoT to stay relevant. They assert that investment in the internet of things will pay dividends in cost efficiencies, streamlining operations, mitigating risk and optimising back-end performance analysis. Whilst on your walk, you realise that you haven’t heard from your elderly mum, so you give her a call but she’s not answering her mobile.